Green Transition

Green transition in the HVACR industry focuses on eco-friendly practices to reduce carbon footprints. It includes adopting low-GWP refrigerants, improving system designs, and integrating energy-efficient technologies like variable speed drives and AI-powered energy management. Compliance with stringent environmental regulations ensures sustainability. Additionally, renewable energy integration, such as solar-powered HVAC units, reduces greenhouse gas emissions. With skilling initiatives focused on budget and green transition gaining momentum, the buildings and HVACR industry is shaping a sustainable and energy-efficient future.

Every budget provisions for renewable energy and promotes appropriate, clean technologies. If that is not there, then there is a question mark. One thinking taking upper echelons is that investing in research and development of innovative technologies will drive the shift towards sustainable solutions in the HVACR industry.

The green movement is leaping. Decarbonisation is a top priority in the HVAC industry due to its critical role in limiting global warming. We Indians are proactive in the role of energy efficiency because we are experiencing the drawbacks and the side effects of climate change. Feeling the brunt of climate change starts from the bottom rungs, cites Tejesh Bagul, Director at Analemma Group. It is where efforts put in by the Indian government and state governments come in; they are very proactive in taking steps. He compares the analogy of the electric vehicle subsidies that the government had put in place to help propel the use of electric vehicles. Similarly, the government is also focusing on technologies; with the BEE, they are putting effort into properly defining efficiency ratings, which is an anchor paving our way to the 2070 goal.

Visibly, clear indication concerning the green-specific mission that the budget has indicated, Anurag Bajpai, Director at GreenTree Global, identifies that there are certain specific sectors, for example, an industrial-specific sector. The budget allocated for MSMEs focuses on improving energy efficiency in the component industry. It falls under the Bureau of Efficiency, Performance, Achievement, and Trade. He adds that this is how we correlate the budget with the program’s energy efficiency or net zero component. Numerous initiatives are inclining to make this mission more feasible.

The standard labelling for the appliances around our home has been upgraded to energy efficiency. Many improvements have taken place concerning the labelling upgrade for appliances like fans and air conditioning systems. They have a specific provision for upgrading their labels every year to enhance the efficiency of the residential and commercial building sector.

Green building strategies

Dr Anshul P Gujarathi, Founder Director of Eco-Solutions, remarks, “If your building is properly designed, you do not need HVAC, and we in Pune never used to talk about HVAC in our residences and offices. Human beings are getting low on resilience. Then we realise the temperatures suddenly increase by two to three degrees and buy AC.” Probably not even using it to that potential! Just because we have an AC, we are using it; we do not have to invest more in maintenance or to keep it running. It has been our psychology. If we use the space and material rightly, we complete ninety percent of the design part of services. Here, an important part is zoning. That is where you need HVAC, only ventilation, or probably just the fresh air, and designed with the right openings or pressures in the space. That is the right option.

Whenever you have very hot days, use coolers, Dr Anshul says. Use an air monitor to maintain the humidity. Coolers are better than AC, identifying the right technology and the power of the right choices. It’s about the choice we are making. Resonantly, Dr Anshul says, “I did a thorough research, incorporating theory and factual aspects when back in 2011- 12, green buildings were soaring up. On 25 projects across the Pune district, I realised whether it is costly to go this way. And in the end, it was a game of choices.”  Our choice will significantly affect the use and efficiency of HVAC systems, which should not be considered expensive. People feel that consultancy and authority fees are expensive. However, it’s the other way around – projects are not costly; this misconception needs to be addressed.

Skilling awareness

According to Tejesh, the government promotes skilling through awareness and organising numerous sessions. The developer community is taking this issue seriously and is actively working on raising awareness and implementing the appropriate approach. The green project requires interventions to incentivise developers and the community involved in construction. The lack of resources for end users does not motivate them to adopt green practices.

The government has been highly proactive in supporting sustainability initiatives and taking necessary actions. When asked whether we will achieve net zero by 2070, Tejesh’s response is simple, “I may not be there to witness it, but I am committed to working towards it today so that future generations can experience the benefits of a sustainable world.”

The HVAC systems, designed by the consultant, have a finite life of 15-20 years, but they may need to be changed two or three times in the building’s lifespan. Maintenance is crucial to ensure these systems are properly maintained and can withstand the expected usage, notes Tejesh. Proactive maintenance involves using vibration monitors that send data back to IoT devices and servers.

Decarbonisation in the HVAC industry

Decarbonisation is the latest trend, gaining traction not just in HVAC but across the entire construction sector, feels Dr. Anshul. It has become a key consideration for all types of construction, influencing everything from material choices to energy systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) or Energy Management Systems (EMS) can provide valuable data for building users. These systems can provide specific data on the thermal comfort of space, user behaviour, and usage patterns. According to Anurag, installing an EMS system helps to gather data on different locations regarding thermal comfort conditions, equipment supply, and usage optimisation. This includes information on the temperature of chilled water, the time frame for running machines, and the usage patterns of the equipment. By analysing this data, building users can make informed decisions about the efficiency and effectiveness of their air conditioning systems. This data can help optimise energy consumption and improve overall building efficiency.

Data can provide valuable insights for optimising systems based on usage. For instance, if a system is only running for eight hours, it may not be necessary to run it for 8.5 hours. However, manual interventions may not be sufficient for facility management engineers. Therefore, a data-driven approach, particularly in IoT and EMS, is crucial for coordinating all aspects. This approach can help improve facility management and reduce errors.

AI and technologies like BIM have advanced building design, enabling more precise planning and execution. Dr Anshul explains that these systems now incorporate integrated management tools that analyse performance, detect non-compliance, and issue alerts, guiding real-time corrective actions. The development of digital twins has further transformed the industry, allowing for remote monitoring and control of building operations. These trends are reshaping the construction sector, driving efficiency, sustainability, and smarter infrastructure management.

Challenges

Moreover, the focus on health has led to a shift towards decarbonisation and smart approaches to our existence. Long-term visions of staying alive and healthy are becoming increasingly challenging. HVAC systems, such as oxygen infusers, may play a role in addressing these trends. However, extreme air quality issues in certain parts of India and globally necessitate natural ventilation for comfort. The right judgment of air quality and building systems can comfort human existence and health. In Pune, not using HVAC may contradict this trend, as extreme air quality issues are faced globally. Therefore, balancing comfort and air quality in buildings and spaces is crucial for human existence and health.

Investing in energy-efficient HVAC systems is a fundamental step toward reducing carbon emissions. Dr. D. B. JANI suggests upgrading your current system to one that utilises advanced technologies, such as variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, high-efficiency heat pumps, or geothermal heat pumps, to enhance energy efficiency significantly.

Net Zero modules are not the right approach, and net zero is a myth. The question is whether we are discussing net zero or semi-net zero. The focus is on achieving Net Zero sustainability, a holistic, integrated approach that includes water and energy waste rather than just addressing water and energy waste. As more organisations adopt net zero strategies, they will mitigate risks, tap into new opportunities, and position themselves as leaders. Green building rating systems will evolve toward net zero goals, with technology supporting this shift, including tracking embodied carbon and sounds, Mahesh Ramanujam, President & CEO at Global Network for Zero.

Design and building environment

Sustainable design emphasises selecting materials with low environmental impact and high durability, which reduces the carbon footprint, increases the building’s lifespan, and enhances occupant comfort. Daniel Chen, Head of Regional Marketing HVAC & Regional Platform Manager (APAC) at CAREL, thinks modern buildings must operate efficiently, balancing operational needs, environmental conditions, and energy consumption. A digitalised building management system is critical to achieving this. It allows for local and remote operation control, seamless integration of different systems, and real-time data collection and analysis. These capabilities optimise equipment performance throughout its lifecycle.

Dr. Anshul emphasises that life cycle analysis (LCA) is crucial on a macro canvas. It is a vast and distinct subject that extends beyond these trends, covering the long-term impact of materials, energy use, and sustainability. When discussing LCA, various concepts come into play. Today, advanced software tools are available to help evaluate materials more accurately, ensuring better decision-making for sustainability. Selecting the right materials through these assessments can significantly impact reducing environmental footprints.

Air conditioning technology has been relatively un-innovated for a long time, indicating a need for further development. Anurag says, “We are witnessing drastic innovations and their vast potential. Given the current market conditions, existing equipment can be improved to achieve higher efficiency levels, reaching ISEER ratings of 6.0 or even 7.0 with super-efficient technologies. There is room for innovation in this space.”

Skilling for Green

Skilling to green is a pressing need, requiring skilling at various levels, such as implementation, policy, and project management. Skilling should be considered at the central, state, municipality, and geographical levels, considering their length and breadth. It is crucial to consider all levels and their corresponding requirements for skilling to ensure effective and sustainable development. It has to cover all geopolitical areas.

Tejesh opines the upcoming National Education Policy on skills over rote learning holds promise. Based on feedback from countries, we can expect skilled professionals to enter trades like contracting, which is critical in turning designs into reality.

The major trends include decarbonisation, AI-driven innovations, health-focused designs, air quality management, and net-zero strategies. These trends are highly relevant to HVAC and other sectors. By 2070, we may or may not be here, but the next generation will be. While we have many engineers, there is a noticeable gap in practical skills imparted through colleges—skills that translate into real-world work. A well-informed workforce—from contractors executing projects to facility managers ensuring smooth operations—will drive long-term success.

Ultimately, skilling the next generation is essential for a sustainable future. The Earth will continue to exist—with or without us—but our goal should be to coexist with it in the best possible way. Professionals and industry leaders are responsible for passing on knowledge and cultivating sustainability-driven future leaders. 

Dr. Anshul P Gujarathi, Founder Director, Eco-Solutions.

The right judgment of air quality and building systems can help provide the necessary comfort for human existence and health.

Mr. Anurag Bajpai, Director – Planning & Sustainable Design, GreenTree Global.

EMS data analysis can help optimise energy consumption and improve overall building efficiency.

Mr. Tejesh Bagul, Director, Analemma Group. 

Green projects require interventions to incentivise developers and the community involved in construction.

Daniel Chen, Head of Regional Marketing HVAC & Regional Platform Manager (APAC), CAREL.

A digitalised building management system allows for local and remote operation control, integration of different systems, and real-time data collection and analysis.

Mr. Mahesh Ramanujam, President & CEO at Global Network for Zero.

By blending design with innovative tech, we reduce carbon footprints and create buildings that offer long-term value and resilience.

Dr. D. B. Jani, Associate Professor, Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat.